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As per World Health Organization (WHO), the Corona virus Covid-19 is a pandemic disease. This virus transmits from one person to another. It has affected the whole world economy and health. It has affected not only the developing countries but also developed countries. Rural areas, as well as urban areas, have been affected by this virus. Every part of the world is affected by this disease. This decease affects to the all aged group human beings. In this pandemic situation, the government of India and many other countries have decided to lockdown. Due to this lockdown period, many industries are getting shut down. Manufacturers and industrialists have faced various problems. In this manuscript, different industry sectors have been taken for the study and focused on the challenges they have faced and the positive and negative impacts of lockdown in India. The effects of pandemics on industries for different aspects are discussed in this manuscript. © 2023 Author(s).
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Artificial intelligence is becoming more prevalent across diverse disciplines, and aerial vehicles are increasingly becoming "Unmanned”. It is beneficial when residents might otherwise be in danger, such as during COVID-19 medicine delivery, gathering information about the enemy, or using it in agriculture. This study aims to provide a scientometric assessment of the latest research centres, patterns, and global reach of UAVs from 2007 to 2022. The study uses bibliographic information downloaded in CSV format from Scopus to examine the in-depth visualization of the index item's properties. In addition to examining article expansion, field classifications, global dispersion, citation analysis, and the impact of the institutions and writers, the study examines UAV applications distributed throughout the world. To analyse term co-occurrence, we use a Java-based program called VOSviewer, which lists hubs and the latest innovations in UAV research. © Author (s) 2023.
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Introduction: Covaxin and Covishield vaccines have been rapidly rolled out in India to curb the Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic. The present study tested the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccination in adults in North India. Effectiveness was tested by considering disease transmission and post-COVID outcomes in infected individuals. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in the Department of Physiology at MGM College, Jaipur (Rajasthan, India), after approval from the Ethics Committee. Vaccinated and nonvaccinated groups were compared for disease transmission, hospitalization, and clinical outcomes. Researchers collected data using questionnaires circulated through Google forms. The association between attributes was tested using the Chi-squared test. The significance level was considered at 5%. Results: Vaccination significantly reduced disease transmission of COVID-19 (χ 2 = 4.51;P = 0.034). However, no significant differences were seen in the Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction positivity, chest computed tomography findings, and hospitalization. Similarly, COVID-related symptoms and their severity did not differ significantly between the two groups. The proportion of vaccinated individuals increases with age (χ 2 = 41.68;P < 0.001). Youths and older adults were vaccinated once and twice, respectively (χ 2 = 41.77;P < 0.001). The severity of adverse effects postimmunization (AEFI) was similar in all age groups (χ 2 = 13.22;P < 0.21). Males and females were equally vaccinated (χ 2 = 1.13;P < 0.288). However, males took two doses compared to females (χ 2 = 6,57;P < 0.01). Adverse effects postimmunization were more severe in females than males (χ 2 = 13.10;P < 0.001). Researchers found no association between the number of vaccine doses and the severity of AEFIs (χ 2 = 16.42;P = 0.06). Conclusion: The present study concludes the beneficial effect of vaccination in reducing disease transmission. However, vaccination showed no effectiveness in mitigating other COVID-related outcomes. The following core competencies are addressed in this article: Medical knowledge, systems-based practice, practice-based learning, and improvement. © 2023 International Journal of Academic Medicine ;Published by Wolters Kluwer - Medknow.
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Background: The Zebrafish animal model has the potential use to study COVID19 infection in-depth due to its genetic similarity with humans. It has antiviral property. As we know, SARS-CoV-2 is an RNA virus, which has a high genetic mutation rate, therefore difficult to understand its structure. It is a great way to understand the genetic dynamics of Zebrafish, which is related to orthologous human genes. Objective(s): The study aims to validate the possible role of the Zebrafish animal model in the COVID19 diagnosis. Method(s): We have reviewed a lot of literature towards the Zebrafish model and tried to explore the possible connection in the diagnosis of COVID19. Result(s): We observed a very close bridge between the Zebrafish model and COVID19 towards possible drug discovery diagnosis. Conclusion(s): This research will be helpful to unlock the mechanism clues, finding new therapeutic tar-gets, and understanding adaptability to host.Copyright © 2021 Bentham Science Publishers.
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The COVID-19 epidemic has been deemed a pandemic by the World Health Organization. It is triggered due to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It originated and spread from Wuhan, China, in December 2019. At present, the entire world is struggling from this virus due to large confirmed positive and death cases of COVID-19. People of every nation have been isolated, and lockdowns are instituted. Despite the introduction of several precautionary measures, the spread of the virus is still increasing at an alarming pace. Although promising development has been made for the development of vaccines for SARS-CoV-2, no vaccines have been reported to cure the infection. Different antiviral therapies have also been attempted but do not seem to be successful for every patient. To deter the dissemination and control the spread of virus, the frontline healthcare staff and police officers deployed numerous autonomous systems for an increased line of protection. Robots are deployed to conduct different operations including decontamination, package delivery, etc. It also acts as a mediator for two-way communication between the doctors and patients. Recent advancement in robotics for its application in healthcare facilities has been found very effective for the healthcare officials to communicate with the virus affected patients, and this literature has addressed it. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
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The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in the hurried adoption of e-learning with no proper need analysis to inform the design and subsequent evaluation of students' performance in e-learning in medical education. Consequently, several studies evaluating performance in e-learning in medical education do so by conducting pre-Test and post-Test with no defined framework or model to guide the evaluation. This makes the findings from these studies subjective and biased since factors that possibly impact students' performance were neither considered in the design of the course nor measured and reported in the evaluation studies. We, therefore, introduce an essential pedagogical e-learning concept by developing a framework to inform the design and evaluation of students' performance in e-learning in medical education via the thoughtful fusion of the Task-Technology Fit Model and the Kirkpatrick Evaluation Model. Our hybrid framework was piloted at the University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa and findings emphasize the need for alignment between learning tasks, technology infrastructures, individual traits, and contextual limitations of students as key factors in determining how well students perform in the classroom and their clinical practices at work. This study advances the body of knowledge by providing a well-brainstormed and intricately designed framework to guide the design of courses and evaluation of student's performance in an e-learning context in medical education. © 2022 IEEE.
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Background: ChAdOx1-S (vaccine A) and BBV152 (vaccine B) vaccines are currently at the forefront of India's fight against the pandemic. The present study tests the hypothesis that both vaccines are equally efficacious. Material(s) and Method(s): This cross-sectional study was conducted at MGM Hospital, Jaipur (Rajasthan, India). The study compared vaccine A and B recipients on post-vaccination events and COVID-19 related outcomes. Researchers collected data using questionnaires circulated through Google Forms. The association between attributes was tested using the chi-squared test. The significance level was considered at 5%. Result(s): The vaccines A and B recipients were age and gender-matched [p > 0.05]. The vaccines did not differ significantly in vaccine events and adverse events after immunization (p > 0.05). A comparison of COVID-19 related outcomes between the two vaccines revealed no significant differences (p > 0.05). However, the severity of symptoms was higher in vaccine B recipients than in vaccine A recipients [p = 0.027] . Conclusion(s): The present study concludes that vaccines A and B were similar in efficacy. The most crucial factor revealed by the survey is that the reporting of adverse events was significantly less, and awareness is needed. Copyright © 2022 Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications. All rights reserved.
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While Greece has historically hosted many minority groups in various relational statuses with the majority population, the Roma uniquely embody practical, psychological and metaphorical spaces that sets them apart from other excluded groups. This study explores the historico-social space that separates the Roma and contextualizes recent developments, including Covid-19, which further marginalizes the group. The transactional space that defines relations between Roma and non-Roma encompasses a 'gaze' that disenfranchises Gypsy cultural standing and reduces mutual understanding between mainstream and marginalized communities. This same transactional space is rife with misunderstanding that profits normative day-to-day relations between Roma and those in mainstream society. The paper explores perceptions of the Roma within the Greek social hierarchy, while suggesting study abroad programming, as part of academic tourism, can play a positive role in altering perceptions of minority groups.
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In India, asthma is a prevalent respiratory condition marked by frequent blowouts and a distinctive spread pattern. Respiratory diseases are the main cause of death globally. In India, asthma is more common, particularly in the North Indian states of Delhi and Uttar Pradesh. Our primary objective in this review is to study asthma medication therapy and its associated complications. The epidemiology, etiology, pathophysiology, mechanism of airway inflammation, classification, and diagnosis of asthma are all illustrated in the current work. Additionally, we have gathered state-by-state information on asthma for the last five years in Northern India. Asthma diagnosis and management are also discussed in accordance with the guidelines of many agencies, including NICE, BTS, SIGN, and WHO. Copyright © 2022 Bentham Science Publishers.
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INTRODUCTION: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an important risk factor for severe COVID-19 disease associated with increased intensive care unit (ICU) admission and mortality. Studies demonstrate an increased mortality rate among advancing CKD stages in patients without COVID-19 infection. However, it is unknown whether a graded association exists between the stages of CKD and COVID-19 mortality. We aim to compare the rates of ICU admission, mechanical ventilation (MV), and survival amongst COVID-19 patients with Stage IIIb -V CKD. METHOD(S): We conducted a retrospective cohort study on non-dialysis adults with Stages IIIb, IV, and V CKD without previous renal transplant hospitalized for COVID-19 infection in a community hospital. Patients were categorized into two groups, Stage IIIb CKD and Stages IV&V CKD, based on their pre-admission glomerular filtration rate (GFR 30-44ml/ min vs < 30ml/min). The primary endpoints were rates of ICU admission, MV, non-invasive mechanical ventilation (NIMV), and survival. The Mann-Whitney U test for continuous variables and the chi-square test for categorical variables were used for analysis. RESULT(S): We screened 228 patients and 153 met the inclusion criteria. Baseline demographics were distributed equally between the two groups. There were statistically significant differences in the ICU admission rate (45.2% vs 25.3%,p-0.01), MV rate (37.1% vs 16.5%,p-0.004) and NIMV rate (50% vs 28.6%,p-0.007) in patients with Stage IIIb versus Stages IV&V CKD respectively. However, there was no significant difference in the survival rates (79.1% vs 67.7%,p-0.1128) between the two groups. CONCLUSION(S): The association between reduced baseline eGFR and increased risk of severe COVID-19 infection has been established with multiple studies evaluating the prognostic impact of pre-existing CKD in patients with COVID-19. Our study illustrates the greater incidence of adverse outcomes, such as ICU admission rate, MV rate, and NIMV rate, in patients with Stages IV&V CKD versus Stage IIIb CKD. With recent guidelines recommending management of COVID-19 infection based on the presence of risk factors, these results will aid in risk stratification among CKD patients with COVID-19, and encourage future prospective studies to explore disease-modifying treatments for the vulnerable CKD population.
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Background. The clinical use of inflammatory markers soared during the COVID-19 pandemic. Though studies have shown C-reactive protein (CRP) to predict mechanical ventilation (MV) in patients with COVID-19, its utility is unknown in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), who have elevated baseline CRP levels due to chronic inflammation and reduced renal clearance of inflammatory cytokines. Our aim was to assess the association of inflammatory markers like CRP, ferritin, LDH, D dimer, and MV rate in patients with stages IIIb-V CKD and COVID-19. Methods. We conducted a cross-sectional study on inpatients in a community hospital from 12/1/19 to 1/1/22 with COVID-19 and stages IIIb-V CKD without a previous renal transplant. Primary endpoints were invasive MV(IMV) rates, noninvasive MV(NIMV) rates, and no MV. Statistical analyses used unpaired t-test for continuous variables and chi-square analysis for categorical variables. Cutoffs for variables were CRP 100 mg/L, ferritin 530ng/ml, D-dimer 0.5mg/L and LDH 590 U/L. Univariate analysis and Area under curve (AUC-ROC) between the covariates and outcomes were computed. Results. 290 patients were screened, and 118 patients met inclusion criteria. CRP, D dimer, and ferritin were significantly different among the three groups. On univariate analysis for IMV, CRP had an OR 5.44;ferritin, OR 2.8;LDH, OR 7.7;D-dimer, OR 3.9, WBC count, OR 4.2 (p< 0.05). Admission CRP level was 0.747 for the IMV group (AUC-ROC, sensitivity 80.8%, specificity 50%) and 0.663 for the NIMV group (AUC-ROC, sensitivity 69.2%, specificity 53%) Conclusion. Our results illustrate a positive correlation between CRP, ferritin, and D-dimer levels and MV and NIMV rates. The ROC demonstrates a good sensitivity for CRP levels in detectingMVthereby emphasizing the utility of these biomarkers as good predictive markers in COVID-19 patients with CKD. With increasing use of inflammatory markers to prognosticate disease severity in COVID, the applicability of these markers in different populations should be investigated. A similar pattern of elevated inflammatory markers predicting the rate of MV was found in patients with stages IIIb-V CKD. This may be because of the greater magnitude of increased inflammation due to COVID-19 itself compared with increased inflammation due to CKD alone.
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Candida Auris is an emerging multi-drug-resistant fungus with catastrophic consequences. It is rapidly spreading worldwide in healthcare settings and immunocompromised patients are much at risk. Large outbreaks have been reported worldwide and this phenomenon is mainly associated with the increasing rate of invasive procedures, extensive use of broad-spectrum antimicrobials, and more frequent immunocompromised status of critically ill patients. High mortality rates have been associated with therapeutic failure mainly related to Azole Resistance. Difficulty in microbiological identification, high virulence, multi-drug resistance profile, and rapid global spread with several reported outbreaks make C. Auris as one of the serious emerging pathogens that physicians should be aware of. Our Study retrospectively analyzed the Epidemiology, clinical profile, and sensitivity pattern of Candida Auris infection at Max Super specialty Hospital I.P. Extension, Delhi a tertiary care center in North India. Copyright © 2022 Ubiquity Press. All rights reserved.
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The usage of mobile-based agro-advisories and its utilization pattern was unclear, especially in the case of fisheries and aquaculture in Tripura, coming under the North-Eastern region of India, where 1.87 lakh population was primarily identified as fish farmers. Similar to other parts of the country, the COVID-19 outbreak hampered fishery and aquaculture in Tripura, and farmers were physically barred from accessing support systems and technical facilities of different organizations. In view of that, the present study was performed to identify all such mobile-based advisories related to fish farming, which were actively circulated in the state during the COVID-19 outbreak. The accessibility, perceived level of satisfaction, and utility of those mobile-based advisories were studied. It was found that out of 120 respondents, 102 actively sought/accessed some of these advisory services. The advisory on fish farming, released by the Department of Fisheries (DoF), Tripura, was accessed by more than half of the respondents (54.17 %), followed by 'Mobile Based Agro-Advisory' system (20.83 %) under the 'Matsya Varta' project of College of Fisheries, Central Agricultural University (COF-CAU), Tripura. Other advisories from KVKs were also accessed by the respondents (9.16 %) indicating a significant rate of accessibility and utility. The findings suggest the existence of adequate advisory services in the state during COVID-19 outbreak.
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The COVID-19 epidemic has been deemed a pandemic by the World Health Organization. It is triggered due to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It originated and spread from Wuhan, China, in December 2019. At present, the entire world is struggling from this virus due to large confirmed positive and death cases of COVID-19. People of every nation have been isolated, and lockdowns are instituted. Despite the introduction of several precautionary measures, the spread of the virus is still increasing at an alarming pace. Although promising development has been made for the development of vaccines for SARS-CoV-2, no vaccines have been reported to cure the infection. Different antiviral therapies have also been attempted but do not seem to be successful for every patient. To deter the dissemination and control the spread of virus, the frontline healthcare staff and police officers deployed numerous autonomous systems for an increased line of protection. Robots are deployed to conduct different operations including decontamination, package delivery, etc. It also acts as a mediator for two-way communication between the doctors and patients. Recent advancement in robotics for its application in healthcare facilities has been found very effective for the healthcare officials to communicate with the virus affected patients, and this literature has addressed it. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
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Blockchain has emerged as an efficient technology for distribution and handling of useful information by cluster of computers. It offers wide number of applications such as personal identification, asset management, and smart appliances, insurance: claim processing and healthcare management etc. In this study, authors explored the role of blockchain in the field of healthcare application in integration with the new emerging field known as internet of health care things (IoHT). In this chapter, we discussed the basic foundation and applications of blockchain and internet of Technology for seeking better healthcare solutions through integration of both of them. Further limitations and challenges in implementation of IoHT are discussed, particularly in the current pandemic situation of corona virus. © 2022 selection and editorial matter, Vineet Kansal, Raju Ranjan, Sapna Sinha, Rajdev Tiwari, and Nilmini Wickramasinghe;individual chapters, the contributors.
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Stress disorders are the most frequent type of mental disease. They are less noticeable than depression and schizophrenia, yet they are just incapacitating. This article presents a descriptive analysis of anxiety disorders, their types, diagnosis, treatment, prevention, control, and it also unfolds the mode of action of drugs, herbal agents, therapies and, physical activity for the management of these disorders. Even though there are effective pharmacological and psychological treatments for stress disorders, many individuals who are affected do not seek treatment, and of those who do, the vast majority are misdiagnosed or do not receive cutting-edge treatment. The prevalence rates do not appear to have altered in recent years. These disorders have a lot of comorbidities.Due to the side effects and unbearable cost of medication/therapy, there is a growing trend of the use of herbal drugs and physical exercises for the treatment of anxiety mainly after covid-19. Psychopharmacological and cognitive behavioral therapies can be used for better treatment;For example, the ABC model is a dynamic model of anxiety that can help us understand the interactions between the processes that cause symptoms to emerge and persist throughout time, as well as the biological and psychological elements that influence them. Rational combinations of these tactics should be investigated further to boost future outcomes.
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Aim and objectives: The present study assessed the correlation between rising levels of CRP and D-dimer with morbidity and mortality in adult Covid-19 patients. Materials and method: This retrospective observational study was conducted at Max Super speciality Hospital I.P. Extension, Delhi a tertiary care centre in North India. CRP and D-Dimer values were collected at the time of admission and within 15 days after admission. The statistical analysis was done by independent t-test. Results: The study population consisted of 194 (64.7%) males and 106 (35.3%) females. The mean age of the study population was 56.78±15.42 (28-94) years. The mean age of the non-survivors (58.83±15.64 years) was significantly more than survivors (54.43±14.85 years). The mean CRP and D-DIMER at the time of admission and within 15 days after admission was significantly more among non-survivors compared to survivors. Conclusion: A high CRP and elevated D-Dimer levels among COVID-19 patients predict higher odds of mortality;however, large scale and longer-term studies are needed to validate our findings. The predictive model based upon CRP and D-DIMER levels can help the clinicians to improve individual treatment, make timely clinical decisions, and make optimal use of limited clinical resources.
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Aim and background: Cytokine storm caused by the release of proinflammatory mediators, e.g., IL-6, TNF-, IL2, IL10, G-CSF, etc., is the hallmark of COVID-19 disease. This cytokine storm is characterized by immuno-thrombomodulation. C-Reactive Protein (CRP) and d-dimer are markers of proinflammatory state, which can also be used as a prognostic marker for the underlying disease processes. Objective: To determine the clinical utility of raised C-reactive protein (CRP) and d-Dimer levels as prognostic markers in patients with the diagnosis of COVID-19. Materials and methods: This retrospective observational study will be conducted at Max Super speciality Hospital I.P. Extension, Delhi after ethical committee clearance. Adult (age > 18 years) patients with confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 admitted to COVID-ICU between 1st April 2021 till 30th June 2021 will be included and checked for CRP and d-Dimer values retrospectively. Correlation between raised CRP and d-dimer on presentation and rising trend of markers with 28-day mortality, Average length of ICU stay, need for invasive mechanical ventilation, and need for Renal Replacement Therapy will be seen. Results: Results will be shared after the completion of the study.
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As a result of the Covid-19 outbreak, a trustworthy health care system for remote surveillance was required, particularly in care facilitieas for the elderly. Many studies have been done in this subject, however they still have security, latency, extended time of execution and response delay. An intelligent Healthcare infrastructure termed Remote Health Monitoring (RHM) is introduced in this study to overcome these constraints. The framework uses high-level fog layer services including locally storage, native real-time data processing with combined mining of information in handling certain cloud and sensor network loads and transformed in a decision taker entity. This systems uses a body and camera sensors to diagnose, increasing accuracy and efficiency while protecting privacy. The suggested framework was tested using the iFogSim toolbox. It may minimise latency, energy usage, network connectivity and total reaction time. This work will assist develop a high performing, secure, and dependable intelligent Medical infrastructure. © 2022 IEEE.